Security and Resilience in Decentralized P2P Communication

Abstract

Noteworthy issues about privacy, parallelism, resilience, and centralised control have been brought up by the growing reliance on real-time digital communication systems. The centralized client-server designs used by the majority of modern messaging systems disclose communication metadata, create single points of failure, and constrain user faith in service providers. With a focus on P2P-first architectures, end-to-end encryption, decentralised trust mechanisms, group communication stability, and adaptive cloud-based fallback mechanism, this review methodically investigates research on secure decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) communication systems. A thorough analysis is conducted of key enabling technologies, such as WebRTC, Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs), blockchain-based identity frameworks, and selective cloud support. In order to create reliable, scalable, and privacy-preserving real-time communication systems appropriate for next-generation applications, the review reveals major gaps, outlines existing research, and suggests future research areas.