Empowering or exploiting? Ethical Questions in the AI-Driven Digitization of Feminist Literary Archives

Authors

  • Dr. Seema Nigam Department of English , D.B.S. Degree (PG) College image/svg+xml
  • Dr. Rashmi Dubey Department of English , D.B.S. Degree (PG) College image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63671/ijeir.v2i4.101

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Feminist Literary Archives, Digital Humanities, AI Ethics, Digitization, Algorithmic Bias, Representation, Data Ethics, Cultural Preservation, Gender Studies

Abstract

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence in the field of digital humanities has opened new possibilities for preserving and accessing feminist literary archives. At the same time, it raises a pressing question: does AI serve as a tool of empowerment, or does it risk reinforcing existing inequalities in new forms? This paper explores the ethical dimensions of using AI technologies in the digitization and interpretation of feminist literary collections. Feminist archives are not merely repositories of texts; they carry voices shaped by struggle, resistance, and identity. When AI systems are used to organize, analyse, or curate these materials, the underlying algorithms may unintentionally reproduce biases embedded in historical data or dominant knowledge systems. The study reflects on how issues such as data ownership, representation, consent, and cultural sensitivity become central in this context. It also considers the risk of marginalizing already voices that are often ignored, when AI prioritizes patterns based on dominant narratives. At the same time, the paper acknowledges the empowering potential of AI in making feminist writings more visible, searchable, and globally accessible, especially for scholars and readers who were previously excluded. By critically examining both sides, this paper argues that the ethical use of AI in feminist literary archives requires careful human oversight, inclusive data practices, and a commitment to preserving the integrity of marginalized voices. Rather than viewing AI as inherently empowering or exploitative, the study suggests that its impact depends on how consciously and responsibly it is designed and applied.

References

Adam, Alison. Gender, Ethics and Information Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230509268

D’Ignazio, Catherine, and Lauren F. Klein. Data Feminism. MIT Press, 2020. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://data-feminism.mitpress.mit.edu/

Jaillant, Lise. “How Can We Improve the Diversity of Archival Collections with Artificial Intelligence?” Archives and Records, 2025. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12442485/

Klein, Lauren, and Catherine D’Ignazio. “Data Feminism for AI.” arXiv, 2024. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01286

Mannheimer, Sara, et al. “Responsible AI Practice in Libraries and Archives.” Information Technology and Libraries, vol. 43, no. 3, 2024. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://ital.corejournals.org/index.php/ital/article/view/17245

Siapka, Anastasia. “Towards a Feminist Metaethics of AI.” arXiv, 2023. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14700

Sousa, N. M. T. “The Algorithm of Silence: Artificial Intelligence, Archival Bias and the Ethical Reconstruction of Digital Memory.” Journal of Documentation, vol. 82, no. 2, 2026, pp. 233–248. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://www.emerald.com/jd/article/82/2/233/1336216/The-algorithm-of-silence-artificial-intelligence

Spina, Salvatore. “Artificial Intelligence in Archival and Historical Scholarship Workflow: HTS and ChatGPT.” arXiv, 2023. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.02044

UNESCO. Preliminary Study on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. UNESCO, 2019. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367823

Varon, Joana, and Paz Peña. “Artificial Intelligence and Consent: A Feminist Anti-Colonial Critique.” Internet Policy Review, vol. 10, no. 4, 2021. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/artificial-intelligence-and-consent-feminist-anti-colonial-critique

Weinberg, Lindsay. “Rethinking Fairness: An Interdisciplinary Survey of Critiques of Hegemonic ML Fairness Approaches.” arXiv, 2022. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.04460

Wernimont, Jacqueline. “Whence Feminism? Assessing Feminist Interventions in Digital Literary Archives.” Digital Humanities Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 1, 2013. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/7/1/000156/000156.html

Widder, David Gray. “Epistemic Power in AI Ethics Labor: Legitimizing Located Complaints.” arXiv, 2024. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08171

Wilson, Nicola. “Digital Critical Archives, Copyright, and Feminist Praxis.” Archival Science, vol. 22, 2022, pp. 315–334. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10502-021-09384-x

“Women Writers Project.” Northeastern University Library. Accessed 21 May 2026. URL: https://www.wwp.northeastern.edu/

Downloads

Published

2026-10-02

How to Cite

Nigam, S., & Dubey, D. R. (2026). Empowering or exploiting? Ethical Questions in the AI-Driven Digitization of Feminist Literary Archives. International Journal of Educational Innovations and Research, 2(4), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.63671/ijeir.v2i4.101

Similar Articles

41-50 of 64

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.